Psychoanalytical Criticism Essay -- Psychology, Freud, Lacan

Psychoanalytical criticism is a form of literary critique, which uses some of the techniques of psychoanalysis in the interpretation of literature. Lacanian critics examine psychoanalytic phases such as the Symbolic and apply this phase while interpreting literary texts. Lacanian critics also associate the literary work’s content to broader Lacanian concepts, such as the Phallic and the Other. The focus of this essay is to apply these psychoanalytical techniques while interpreting Lady Macbeth’s character in William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth. However, before I begin my argument, I feel that Lacan’s concepts of psychoanalytical theory need some introduction. One of the more prevalent psychoanalytical theorists since Freud was Jacques Lacan and I will use Lacan’s â€Å"The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason since Freud† as a starting point to explain some of his concepts of psychoanalytical thought. First of all, Lacan created three different categories to explain the subject’s transformation from infant to adulthood, namely need, demand, and desire and labeled these three psychoanalytic orders, as the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real. Lacan claims that during the Symbolic stage the child is initiated to language, and the unconscious and repression appear in the psyche. The child now learns that words symbolize objects, and he must use language and not images in order to acquire what he desires (Richter1021). Within the Symbolic, there is metonymy which is a mode of symbolization in which one word or phrase is signified by another that is associated with the overall meaning (Richter 1046). A secondary element in Symbolic is â€Å"the discourse Other† (with a capital O). The concept of Other is not clear or simple sinc... ...ole. Because Lady Macbeth must adhere to the Lacanian concept of â€Å"having† the Phallus, her dialogue and actions are based on her abandoning her own desires to ensure that Macbeth’s desires are fulfilled. In this light, Shakespeare exposes the complex dynamics of gender and power through representation of a ruthless female character who reproduces the violent practices of masculinist order through the Other. Therefore, Lady Macbeth’s encouragement of Macbeth to commit regicide corresponds to the violent structure of the period. Although critics have labeled Lady Macbeth’s character as a source of evil within the play, I have shown that Lady Macbeth’s dialogue and actions find their brutal source in both the monarchical and gender construction of power already in place rather than in the primitive and naturalized axiom of female good versus evil.

Is a Fair Trade Policy Superior to a Free Trade Policy?

Graduate Business Ethics-Section 01 March 5, 2013 Is a Fair Trade Policy Superior to a Free Trade Policy? In the past 30 years the business world has changed tremendously because of globalization. It has allowed a trading relationship grow between the developed and developing countries. The United States has greatly profited from this relationship; American business have been able to cut their labor costs by moving majority of the low skilled jobs to countries such as China, India, and Mexico. In The Fair Play Debate, Joseph Stiglitz fights for fair trade.He believes fair trade policies are needed to protect the poor from the rich. On the other hand, Gary Hufbauer argues for free trade; stating that it is a superior policy because it can benefit everyone in the developed and developing world. I agree with Joseph Stiglitz in this matter, because I believe fair trade is the best policy for the business world today. When people speak of globalization they only speak of the â€Å"positi ves. † They say free trade has increased the American household income by lowering costs of products and this was possible because labor costs were cut.Joseph Stiglitz speaks of the other side of globalization. He states Americans who used to work these low skilled jobs have lost their jobs and are having a difficult time finding employment. Not only that, but the workers in these countries are also suffering because the work environment isn’t safe and they are underpaid. The unemployment rate in the United States has been increasing over the past 30 years. Factories have been closing and businesses have permanently shut down all over the U. S. Many Americans have packed up their belongings and moved to other areas to find work.In the article Can the Midwest Regain its Economic Clout, by Richard Longworth, it says places like Dayton, Cleveland, Detroit, and St. Louis have seen a decrease in their population because many have left to find work. These areas have lost anyw here from 40-60% of their populations. I understand from a business point of view globalization is a good way to make profit by keeping the cost down and individuals in other countries have work, however, the environment isn’t always safe and they are getting paid next to nothing.Meanwhile, in the United States, so many people are struggling to find a job and keep their families financially afloat. I believe if companies want to send the work overseas, they have to make fair trade rules. The working conditions need to better and so does the pay. This way both the rich businessmen and the poor workers benefit. I also believe that maybe not all the work from one company should be sent overseas; send some work there and keep some here, this way more people will benefit I think fair trade is the morally just way to conduct business.Not only will Americans benefit, but so will the workers in developing countries. Most importantly this would keep the rich from getting richer and th e poor from struggling to keep afloat. I believe this could really help close the gap between the two. It would also help lower the unemployment rate in the United States and will hopefully bring up the average household income. Fair trade will build a strong foundation and a sense of camaraderie with developing countries.

The Ten Attributes Of The University Of Queensland

The purpose of this assignment is to analyse and discuss one of the seventeen attributes of the University of Queensland that was demonstrated during the management of the particular case study. Although all seventeen attributes should correlate and in fact are interrelated, this assignment will analyse and focus on one attribute: â€Å"The ability to interact effectively with others in order to work towards a common outcome†. To present this case study various technologies were used such as: records of the medical practice that included medical history, pathophysiology, nursing plans, diagnosis, related treatment, nursing intervention, evaluation and recommendation of health care professionals or other health care providers. Despite the fact†¦show more content†¦Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer related death. The most common cause of lung cancer is active and passive cigarette smoking (Lemone Burke, 2011). Additionally, environmental and occupa tional risk factors associated with lung cancer are: benzopyrene and radon particles related to uranium mining, radiation and nuclear bombs, air pollution, diesel exhaust at cetera (Port, 2011). The age-adjusted occurrence for 2007 in Australia discloses that lung cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and females aged sixty and over (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW] 2011). Both cytological and histopathological samples are used to make an analysis of lung cancer so that the appropriate treatment can be done. In 2014, about 11,550 Australians, mostly men, were diagnosed with lung cancer (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2008). Lung cancer, or pleuro pulmonary neoplasm, is an aggressive class of malignancies originating in the bronchial passageways or alveoli. These cancers affect the epithelial cells, line conducting passageways, mucous glands, or alveoli (Berman, Snyder, Levett Jones, Dwyer, Hales Harvey, 2012). Symptoms generally do no t appear until the condition has progressed to the point at which the tumour masses are restricting airflow or compressing adjacent structures. Chest pain, shortness of breath, a cough or a